Develop your perception, production and understanding of the various
states of the glottis by practicing all the phonation types in initial,
medial and final positions:
Initial | Medial | Final | |||||||
1. Glottal stop |
ʔɑ |
ɑʔɑ |
|
ɑʔ |
|||||
2. Creaky voice |
ɑ̰̰ɑ |
ɑɑ̰̰ɑ |
ɑɑ̰̰ |
||||||
3. Breathy voice | |
ɦɑ |
ɑɦɑ |
ɑɦ |
|||||
4. Whisper/voicelessness | |
hɑ |
ɑhɑ |
ɑh |
Some real words to practise (note that the acute accent indicates
high
pitch):
Shona (western) |
|
|
Shona (eastern) | |
|||
láha | to throw away | |
mɦépó | wind | |||
kúɦa | to come | femɦá | to smell | ||||
ɦála | to be full | femá | to breathe | ||||
hoko | monkey | mɦuká | animal | ||||
muká | to get up | ||||||
nɦáŋga | pumpkin | ||||||
naŋgá | peace |
Audio examples:
The Mazatec examples were downloaded from the UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. The other examples are from a database of audio examples relating to the IPA Handbook.